What is a neurologist?

Yes. Neurologists are among the specialists who evaluate memory problems and diagnose dementia. The Alzheimer's Association describes a neurologist as specializing in diseases of the brain and nervous system, and the National Institute on Aging notes that neurologists can conduct and review brain scans. Many people start with their primary care doctor, who may oversee the diagnosis or refer them to a neurologist.

A neurologist looks for signs of brain disorders and rules out other causes. The Alzheimer's Association says a neurological exam checks reflexes, coordination, muscle tone and strength, eye movement, speech and sensation, looking for signs of stroke, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors or fluid buildup in the brain. It may include brain imaging, alongside memory and thinking tests and a medical history.

Either can evaluate memory problems and diagnose dementia. The Alzheimer's Association says a neurologist specializes in the brain and nervous system, while a geriatrician specializes in the care of older adults and dementia; psychiatrists and psychologists also assess memory. People with unclear symptoms, including those under 65, may need two or more specialists who combine their findings to reach a diagnosis.

Your primary care doctor is often the first step, with a neurologist added when needed. The Alzheimer's Association lists reasons doctors refer to a neurologist, neuropsychologist or geriatrician: an unclear diagnosis, unusual symptoms, behavioral or psychiatric symptoms, symptoms starting before 65, a request for a second opinion, or patient or family preference. You can ask your doctor about a referral.

Ask your primary care doctor for a referral, then look at other options. The Alzheimer's Association says your local chapter can provide a list of Alzheimer's and dementia specialists in your area, and that NIA-funded Alzheimer's Disease Centers across the country offer diagnosis and treatment services. The National Institute on Aging adds that memory clinics have teams of specialists who work together.