Types of dementia

What is Normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a build-up of fluid in the brain's ventricles, most common in older adults, that causes trouble walking, loss of bladder control and memory problems, and can look very like dementia.

The ventricles widen but the pressure inside the head does not rise, which is where the name comes from. The walking problem is often described as feet feeling stuck to the floor. Because walking, bladder and memory problems are all common in older age, it is easily put down to dementia or simply to getting old.

Unlike most causes of dementia it has a surgical treatment, usually a shunt that drains the excess fluid. An MRI scan is usually the first test, which is one reason a proper assessment matters.

Why it matters

It is one of the conditions a dementia work-up is designed to rule out, because it is treated differently.

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