What is weight loss in dementia?

Weight loss most often becomes a concern in the middle and late stages. The Alzheimer's Association says regular meals become a challenge then: people may feel overwhelmed by choices, forget to eat or think they already have, and lose their appetite. Swallowing problems in the later stages can also lead to choking and weight loss. Poor nutrition can increase behavioral symptoms.

Usually eating less. The Alzheimer's Association lists not recognizing the food on the plate, painful or poorly fitting dentures the person cannot mention, new medicines or dose changes, too little exercise, and a weaker sense of smell and taste. Distractions, too many choices and swallowing problems make eating harder too. A doctor should check any unexplained weight loss.

It can be an early warning sign. A national study in PMC, using 16 years of data on older Americans, found weight loss begins at least 10 years before a dementia diagnosis, speeds up in the two to four years before, and continues afterward. The study shows a link rather than cause, but its authors say unintentional weight loss deserves a doctor's attention.

The Alzheimer's Association suggests preparing favorite foods, offering several small meals instead of three large ones, and encouraging more activity, since inactivity dulls appetite. Serve finger foods and one item at a time, eat together, and allow plenty of time. The doctor may suggest supplements between meals, and in later stages adding sugar to food may encourage eating.

Call their doctor. The Alzheimer's Association notes that new medicines or dose changes can affect appetite, and that painful or loose dentures may go unmentioned, so have the dentist check them. Ask the doctor about supplements to add calories. Swallowing problems can also cause weight loss, so mention any coughing or choking at meals.