What is incontinence?

Incontinence usually begins in the middle or late stages of Alzheimer's disease, though every situation is different. The Alzheimer's Association says loss of bladder and bowel control is common as the disease progresses. It can happen because the person no longer recognizes the need to go, forgets where the bathroom is, or has side effects from a medicine.

It is a common symptom as dementia progresses, usually in the middle or late stages, rather than an early sign. The Alzheimer's Association says that when someone with dementia starts losing bladder or bowel control, the first step is finding the cause, because it may be medical and treatable, such as a urinary tract infection, constipation or a prostate problem. Ask a doctor.

Common causes include urinary tract infections, constipation and some medications, which the National Institute on Aging says can cause short-term problems. Longer-lasting incontinence may come from bladder muscles that do not work as they should, prostate problems in men, or conditions such as diabetes, stroke, Parkinson's or Alzheimer's. People in later Alzheimer's may not realize they need to go or cannot find the toilet.

Plan ahead and protect dignity. The Alzheimer's Association suggests a regular toilet schedule, such as first thing in the morning, every two hours, after meals and before bed, and watching for cues like restlessness or pacing. Keep the bathroom door open, add a toilet sign, use night lights, and choose easy clothing. Do not limit fluids, which can lead to infection.

Treatment depends on the type of bladder problem, and the National Institute on Aging advises trying the simplest and safest options first. These include lifestyle changes such as drinking water instead of other drinks, limiting drinks before bed and preventing constipation, along with medical treatments and, in some cases, surgery. Products such as disposable briefs and furniture pads can help with leaks.